What is cancer? Cause & and How Does it Spread

What is Cancer? About Cancer

Definition of cancer :-

Cancer also known as a Malignant tumor or Malignant neoplasm, is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to attack or spread to different parts of the body.

Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia where cancer prohibits normal blood function by abnormal cell division in the blood stream). Tumors can develop and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory system. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. There are over 100 different known Cancers that affect humans. One of the things that makes Cancer so hard to treat is the fact that it can spread around the body.

Causes of Cancer

Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of Cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, a poor diet, lack of physical activity, and drinking Alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human papilloma virus. 5–10% of Cancers are due to genetic defects inherited from a person's parents.

Smoking Cigarette & Drinking Alcohol are among the main cause of cancer

Many Cancers can be prevented by not Smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, being vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much red meat, and avoiding too much exposure to sunlight.
Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal Cancer.

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Therapy/ Treatment for Cancer

There are three primary therapies for cancer:
1. Surgery - Surgery works by directly removing the tumor.
2. Radiation - Radiation therapy provides X- Ray to kill individual cells
3. Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy provides chemicals that can kill those individual cells.

How do cancer cells grow and spread?

Origin of Cancer:-

The human body is made up of many types of billions of cells. These cells grow and divide in a controlled way to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. When cells become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with new cells.

However, sometimes this orderly process goes wrong. The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can become damaged or changed, producing mutations that affect normal cell growth and division. When this happens, cells do not die when they should and new cells form when the body does not need them. The additional cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumor. This tumor takes the form of Cancer.

Types of Tumors

Benign Tumors

Benign Tumors tend to grow slowly and stay in one place.Cells in Benign Tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.. Benign tumors are non-cancerous. They rarely cause serious problems or threaten life unless they occur in a vital organ or grow very large and press on nearby tissues.
Once removed by surgery, Benign Tumors don’t usually recur. Benign Tumors usually stay non-cancerous, except in very rare cases.

Malignant tumors

Malignant tumors are Cancerous. Cancer can start in any one of the millions of cells in our bodies. Cancer cells have a larger nucleus that looks different from a normal cell’s nucleus, and cancer cells behave, grow and function quite differently from normal cells.

Malignant Tumors vary in size and shape. They grow in an uncontrolled, abnormal way and can grow into (invade) nearby tissues, blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They can interfere with body functions and become life-threatening.

Cancer cells can break off and spread to distant locations in the body (metastasize). Cancer that spreads from its original location (the primary tumor) to a new part of the body is called metastatic cancer. Malignant tumors can also recur after they are removed.

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